Category Archives: Place

Jasper House National Historic Site of Canada

Alberta. National Historic Site: Athabasca River drainage
At the foot of Jasper Lake on Athabasca River
53.1383 N 117.9806 W — Map 083F04 — GoogleGeoHack
Name officially adopted in 2001
Official in Canada

Jasper House National Historic Site is the site of a fur trading post on the Athabasca River that functioned in two different locations from 1813 to 1884 as a major staging and supply post for travel through the Canadian Rockies.

The post was originally named Rocky Mountain House, but was renamed to avoid confusion with the Rocky Mountain House trading post on the North Saskatchewan River, becoming “Jasper’s House” after the postmaster, Jasper Hawes, who operated the post from 1814 to 1817. The first location is believed to have been at the outlet of Brûlé Lake, downstream from the present site. The second Jasper House was established at the northern end of Jasper Lake in 1830, primarily serving travellers crossing Yellowhead Pass or Athabasca Pass.

The site operated until 1853, and was occasionally used until 1858 when it was reopened seasonally by Henry John Moberly, who operated it into the 1860s. The post was officially closed in 1884 after years of inactivity. From 1891 or 1892 to 1894 the house was used by miner Lewis Swift. The building was destroyed in 1909 when its lumber was used to make a raft by surveyors for the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway. Apart from a small cemetery, no significant ruins remain. It was designated a national historic site in 1924, and is marked by a commemorative stone and plaque.

References:

Tolmie and Dawson map Indian Tribes of BC 1884

References:

  • Tolmie, William Fraser [1812–1886], and Dawson, George Mercer [1849–1901]. Comparative Vocabularies of the Indian Tribes of British Columbia, with a Map Illustrating Distribution. Ottawa: Geological and Natural History Survey of Canada, 1884. Toronto Public Library

Grand Trunk Pacific map [ca. 1912]


[968]

Early Grand Trunk Pacific Railway map (above) cropped and orientated to show the original stations between McBride and Jasper, which were built between 1912 and 1914.

There are only 17 stations shown between Prince George and McBride on this original plan. Missing is Legrand, which was added in 1914 during construction, to make up the original 18 stations built on that stretch. Knole station became Rider sometime after 1916, so this map seems to be from between 1912 and 1916. Rooney station was renamed Goat River (railway point) sometime between 1918 and 1923.

The rail line between Prince George and McBride was often referred to as the “East Line.” The only access from McBride to the communities west of McBride was by rail.

William Pittman Hinton, general manager of the railway’s western lines, asked Josiah Clement Wedgwood, of the Wedgwood china family, to submit a list of names suitable for naming the stations on the new railway line. Many station names on the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway have a connection to England [excerpt taken from Penny for your thoughts].

References:

  • Penny Reunion Committee 1995. A Penny for Your Thoughts. Prince George: 1995
  • Olson, Raymond W. From Liaboe to Loos and Beyond. Prince George, B.C.: Raymond W. Olson, 2011
  • Olson, Raymond W. Ghost Towns on the East Line. Prince George, B.C.: Raymond W. Olson, 2017

Mastodon Mountain

Alberta-BC boundary. Mountain
S of Mount Fraser
52.6072 N 118.3344 W — Map 083D09 — GoogleGeoHack
Name officially adopted in 1963
Official in BCCanada
This mountain appears on:
Boundary Commission Sheet 28 (surveyed in 1921) [as “Mount Mastodon”]

“Mastodon Peak” adopted in 1924, derived from name on BC-Alberta Boundary sheet 28, 1921. Form of name changed to “Mastodon Mountain” in 1962 by Alberta and 1963 by British Columbia.

Named in 1922 by the Alberta-British Columbia Boundary Commission survey party because of a resemblance to the extinct form of elephant.

References:

  • Cautley, Richard William [1873–1953], and Wheeler, Arthur Oliver [1860–1945]. Report of the Commission appointed to delimit the boundary between the Provinces of Alberta and British Columbia. Part II. 1917 to 1921. From Kicking Horse Pass to Yellowhead Pass.. Ottawa: Office of the Surveyor General, 1924. Whyte Museum
  • Cautley, Richard William [1873–1953], and Wheeler, Arthur Oliver [1860–1945]. Report of the Commission Appointed to Delimit the Boundary between the Provinces of Alberta and British Columbia. Parts IIIA & IIIB, 1918 to 1924. From Yellowhead Pass Northerly. Ottawa: Office of the Surveyor General, 1925. Whyte Museum

Walker Creek Forest Service Road

British Columbia. Road
71 km west of McBride
53.6656 N 120.9054 W GoogleGeoHack
Roads are not in the official geographical names databases

Located about 71 km west of McBride leaving Highway 16 to the north. The Walker Creek FSR has been heavily logged but one can still find stands of old-growth cedar/hemlock at 7km and between 10-20km along the road. There are also viewscapes of cedar/hemlock forests reaching up the mountain sides along this road. Watch for grizzly bear on the road and salmon at 22km.

The Walker Creek Forest Service Road provides primary access to Kakwa Provincial Park, but since September 2021 the road is closed at 37 km.

Milton and Cheadle 1865 Map

The western portion of British North America, showing the route followed by Lord Milton and Dr. Cheadle, from the Saskatchewan to British Columbia, 1863-4

The western portion of British North America, showing the route followed by Lord Milton and Dr. Cheadle, from the Saskatchewan to British Columbia, 1863-4
University of British Columbia Library


Detail of the route followed by Lord Milton and Dr. Cheadle, from the Saskatchewan to British Columbia, 1863-4

Detail of the route followed by Lord Milton and Dr. Cheadle, from the Saskatchewan to British Columbia, 1863-4
UBC Library Digital Collections


Portion Occidentale de la Nouvelle Bretagne indiquant la route survie par lord Milton et le Dr Cheadle

Portion Occidentale de la Nouvelle Bretagne indiquant la route survie par lord Milton et le Dr Cheadle
Voyage de l’Altantique au Pacifique

Milton and Cheadle travelled through the Yellowhead Pass in 1863.

References:

  • Dower, John. The western portion of British North America, showing the route followed by Lord Milton & Dr. Cheadle, from the Saskatchewan to British Columbia, 1863-4. 1864. University of British Columbia Library
  • Milton, William Wentworth Fitzwilliam [1839–1877], and Cheadle, Walter Butler [1835–1910]. The North-West Passage by Land. Being the narrative of an expedition from the Atlantic to the Pacific, undertaken with the view of exploring a route across the continent to British Columbia through British territory, by one of the northern passes in the Rocky Mountains. London: Cassell, Petter and Galpin, 1865. Internet Archive
  • Milton, William Wentworth Fitzwilliam [1839–1877], and Cheadle, Walter Butler [1835–1910]. Voyage de l’Atlantique au Pacifique, à travers le Canada, les montagnes Rocheuses et la Colombie anglaise. Paris: Hachette, 1872. Internet Archive

Carcajou Creek

Alberta. Creek: Smoky River drainage
Heradwaters of Smoky River
53.2814 N 119.2425 W — Map 083E06 — GoogleGeoHack
Name officially adopted in 1956
Official in Canada

Surveying the view to the west from Gendarme Mountain during the 1911 Alpine Club of Canada–Smithsonian Robson Expedition, Arthur Oliver Wheeler [1860–1945] wrote:

The valley is a very beautiful one with green alp-lands, shining silver streams and two large ponds visible beside them. It drains to a larger timbered valley trending N. W. and S.E. to the Smoky River. Phillips has named the stream in the valley below us “Wolverine Creek.

Donald “Curly” Phillips [1884–1938]

In French-speaking parts of Canada, the wolverine is referred to as carcajou, borrowed from the Innu-aimun or Montagnais kuàkuàtsheu. However, in France, the wolverine’s name is glouton (glutton).

References:

  • Wheeler, Arthur Oliver [1860–1945]. “The Alpine Club of Canada’s expedition to Jasper Park, Yellowhead Pass and Mount Robson region, 1911.” Canadian Alpine Journal, Vol. 4 (1912):9-80

Whirlpool River

Alberta. River: Athabasca River drainage
Headwaters at Athabasca Pass, flows into Athabasca River S of Jasper
52.7353 N 117.9547 W — Map 083C12 — GoogleGeoHack
Earliest known reference to this name is 1859 (Hector)
Name officially adopted in 1947
Official in Canada

David Thompson [1770–1857] followed the Whirlpool River when he made the first recorded crossing of the Athabasca Pass in 1811. Working for the North West Company, he was in search of the mouth of the Columbia River.

Thompson makes a score of references to whirlpools in his narrative, but does not give that name to this river. He considered he was ascending to the head of the Athabasca River, whose headwaters actually lead as far as south the Columbia Icefield.

The earliest reference I have found to “Whirlpool River” is in the journal of James Hector [1834–1907] of the Palliser expedition, February 13, 1859:

Tekarra’s foot is so much inflamed with his hunting exertions, that he will not be able to guide us up the valley to the Committee’s Punch Bowl, so changed my plan and followed up the main stream of the Athabasca instead. At noon we reached the mouth of Whirlpool River, which is the stream that descends from the Committee’s Punch Bowl, and I found the latitude 52° 46′ 54″

References:

  • Thompson, David [1770–1857]. David Thompson’s Narrative of his explorations in western America, 1784-1812. Joseph Burr Tyrrell, editor. Toronto: Champlain Society, 1916. University of British Columbia
  • Palliser, John [1817–1887], and Spry, Irene Mary Biss [1907–1998], editor. The papers of the Palliser Expedition 1857-1860. Toronto: Publications of the Champlain Society XLIV, 1968. Internet Archive